I was hoping someone else would say this so I wouldn't look like a dummy. But I always thought that the higher speed rating was a softer compound. ????
Yeah, that's a reasonable assumption, there was a time when it was even a 'good' assumption; but it's not neccessarily so, and these days, it's not so all that often either! :sour:
Without getting too technical or specific....(in order to keep it to a quick & shortish answer too!

) As a general thing,
Heat is the enemy of tread wear, and softer tread compounds do tend to wear quicker as they get hotter.... Hard compound treads tend to need a little more heat (often achieved by running lower pressures) and take a bit longer to reach their ideal operational temperature so they can provide their best traction, but they generally don't wear as quickly once they reach that temperature; while soft tread compounds generally provide the best grip/traction they can sooner, sometimes even before the tire's really reached it's ideal operational temperature or made it to somewhere in to its ideal temperature range! However, those softer compound treads often also start to 'go off' if they get
too hot, effectively just melting off the tire, and they can do this even if they get
just a little bit hotter than ideal, which is something that prolonged high speed running can do very easily.... :shocked: .
So for tires that need to provide optimal traction at high speeds, and continue do this for long periods (ie. they're higher speed rated tires that need to work well without disintegrating for hours!) the tread compound needs to be
soft enough to provide optimum traction at the tires operational temperature, but
hard enough that they
DON'T start to '
go off' too soon and basically just melt off the tire carcass if those temperatures stay high for long periods of high speed running!
This means that Tire manufacturers not only have to balance the traction needs/wants of a given tread compound with the temperatures generated as that tire rolls along flexing like mad under its rated load at/for the required speed rating, but they
also have to pay a lot of attention to making sure that carcasses and sidewalls they use are constructed of materials and in a way that won't deform readily (or let the tread deform readily, like
some tires that we know of!

) under the stresses of being spun at anything up to their rated speed for long periods! The sidewalls (& tread) can't flex too much so that it lets the tread deform too much or that the tire keeps on heating up instead of reaching its operational temp & effectively plateauing there providing its optimal traction; and the tread compound needs to be carefully matched to provide traction at the temperatures that the particular tire will reach if it's loaded up to spec & then run at those speeds for whatever hours are necessary to reach it's desired speed rating! And all this is even before we start talking about the tread performance needs/wants; or profiles; or All Season Sport/Performance or Ultra Sport or whatever ratings; or Winter vs Summer; or Wet vs Dry; or M&S; or 3PMSF; or Light Truck; or Passenger; or Flotation; or Lo..... :gaah:
So yeah, it's really not
anywhere near as simple as saying higher speed ratings on a tire mean a soft compound tread - altho it
might, but it just as easily
might not! It's all in the design, the assembly, the cooking, the tread pattern, the tire pressure, and a bunch of other stuff besides! :lecturef_smilie:
Simples, really! :cheers: